Hatsune Miku – Music Enterprise Analysis

Hatsune Miku – Music Enterprise Analysis

by | Jan 18, 2026 | Entertainment Law, Music Business, Podcast News


Whereas the primary and second generations of digital musicians required human singers to supply the vocals and studio bands to interpret the music, Vocaloid software program, developed by Japanese synthesiser producer Yamaha within the late Nineties, enabled the creation of purely computer-generated voices for the primary time. This resulted within the creation of the music avatar Hatsune Miku by the Sapporo-based gaming firm Crypton. Initially meant as a advertising software, Hatsune Miku developed a lifetime of her personal on social media, resulting in the creation of a music avatar of the identical identify. To at the present time, the avatar provides concert events in entrance of tens of 1000’s of followers worldwide, producing thousands and thousands in merchandising and branding income for Crypton.

Half 2 of the weblog collection will discover the background to Hatsune Miku’s creation, in addition to her subsequent profession as a concert-performing singing avatar.

Digital Music Worlds – Half 2: Hatsune Miku

The pre-history of Hatsune Miku

To carry Kyoto Date and Adam to life, human singers needed to lend them their voices. At the moment, there have been no AI-generated voice clones able to singing independently. However, the event of artificial voice era dates again to the late Nineties. In 1998, Japanese instrument producer Yamaha unveiled the FS1R voice synthesiser, which might already distinguish between voiced and voiceless sounds. This enabled it to mimic the human voice to a sure extent.[1] Nonetheless, the FS1R’s voice era was nonetheless very rudimentary and artistically unsatisfactory. Yamaha subsequently started to enhance the synthesiser and teamed up with the Music Expertise Group at Pompeu Fabra College in Barcelona. Collectively, they developed the Vocaloid software program synthesiser, which was offered to the general public in March 2003 on the music truthful in Frankfurt am Essential below the identify “Daisy”, however was renamed Vocaloid shortly afterwards attributable to copyright issues.[2] Though the software program was comparatively easy to make use of, it was time-consuming. Customers needed to enter the notes of a music and its lyrics, after which they may reproduce the music utilizing an artificial voice. Nonetheless, at the very least a MIDI interface allowed WAV information to be transferred, enabling the music to be edited additional.

In January 2004, British sound library producer Zero-G, in cooperation with Yamaha, offered the primary two programmes for digital female and male voices, Leon and Lola, on the Nationwide Affiliation of Music Retailers music truthful (NAMM Present) in Anaheim, California. As well as, a software program package deal known as Miriam was provided, based mostly on the voice of British pop star Miriam Stockley.[3] The primary software program packages for artificial voices attracted media consideration, however bought very poorly.[4] However, the Sapporo-based software program firm Crypton Future Media developed the primary artificial voices in Japanese. On 5 October 2004, Meiko, based mostly on the voice of singer Meiko Haigō, was launched,[5] adopted on 17 February 2006 by Kaito, based mostly on the voice of singer Naoto Fūga.[6] Whereas Meiko bought comparatively properly with 3,000 items shipped, Kaito remained a gradual vendor. Crypton executives concluded that feminine voice synthesiser programmes bought higher as a result of the audience was principally younger male anime followers, as Crypton CEO Hiroyuki Ito revealed in an interview in 2008.[7]

The Creation of Hatsune Miku

In 2007, to cater to Japanese desktop music customers and anime followers, Crypton launched a brand new Vocaloid undertaking known as Hatsune Miku, which interprets as “The Voice from the Future”. This growth coincided with Yamaha’s launch of Vocaloid 2. This new synthesiser software program was not solely extra user-friendly but in addition produced higher-quality sound synthesis.[8] This suited the creators of Hatsune Miku, who travelled to Tokyo to seek out the fitting voice for the brand new software program package deal and have the graphic design for Hatsune Miku developed. Wataru Sasaki, the producer answerable for Vocaloid, went to Arts Imaginative and prescient, an organization that had a database of voice actors. Sasaki listened to 300 sound samples for hours and at last selected the voice of Saki Fujita as a result of it was “simple to grasp and cute,” as Sasaki defined in an interview.[9] The mandatory voice recordings have been made with Saki Fujita, which have been then fed into the Vocaloid programme. The intention was to create a virtual-sounding voice that was neither too artificial nor too pure. It needed to match the fictional character that was subsequently developed by manga artist Kei Garō. They’d turn into conscious of him through the Web and commissioned him to design a 16-year-old lady in anime model. Kei Garō despatched numerous designs by e-mail till these accountable at Crypton have been happy. The top consequence was a lady with turquoise hair that reached virtually to the ground within the type of extra-long braids, held collectively by magenta sq. hair rings. Headphones linked to a microphone might be seen peeking out from below her magnificent hair. She wore an equally turquoise, extra-long tie over a sleeveless black college uniform that led to a miniskirt. Black arm socks lined her forearms and black stockings wrapped her legs. The quantity “01” was tattooed in purple on her left higher arm, clearly indicating that Hatsune Miku was the primary Vocaloid character created by Crypton.[10]

Crypton created two further Vocaloid voices alongside Hatsune Miku: Kagamine Rin and Len. These are a pair of 14-year-old siblings, voiced by Japanese actress Asami Shimoda. In distinction to Hatsune Miku, the voices of Rin and Len are considerably stronger and richer and have been meant to enchantment to a unique audience.[11]

Hatsune Miku Turns into a Bestseller

On 31 August 2007, gross sales of the Hatsune Miku Vocaloid software program started. At the moment, Hatsune Miku existed solely as an artificial voice and as an anime drawing that adorned the software program field. However, the discharge was an unexpectedly large success. Greater than a thousand items have been bought within the first week alone. Crypton needed to impose a vacation ban in order that the immense demand might be met in day and night time shifts. Inside six months, greater than 30,000 copies of the software program package deal had been bought.[12]

Nonetheless, Hatsune Miku would have remained a short-lived advertising phenomenon if a loyal fan base had not been emerged who used the software program extensively to create their very own content material. Instantly after its preliminary launch, user-generated music tracks that includes Hatsune Miku’s voice appeared on the Japanese video-sharing platform “Niko Niko Dōga”, and have been subsequently animated in 2D and even 3D by different customers.[13] There was a veritable artistic explosion on the Japanese YouTube clone, which was cleverly exploited by the producer Crypton to additional improve the recognition of the fictional character. As an alternative of putting Hatsune Miku in a copyright cage, its use was launched in 2012 below the Inventive Commons licence CC-BY-NC.[14] Nonetheless, to be able to retain management over using Hatsune Miku, Crypton launched the Piapro platform in December 2007, the place Vocaloid customers might add the content material that they had created and alternate concepts with different customers. Piapro stands for peer manufacturing and goals to unleash the creativity of Hatsune Miku followers by permitting them to share illustrations, animations and different digital content material.[15] By the top of February 2008, the platform already had round 50,000 registered customers, who had uploaded 17,000 illustrations, 2,500 items of music and 1,700 lyrics.[16] Hatsune Miku thus turned a social media phenomenon earlier than she even existed as an avatar, and shortly spilled over into the actual world. Hatsune Miku fan golf equipment have been based all through Japan, organising events and different occasions the place followers appeared dressed within the anime character’s outfit.[17]

Followers and Japanese artists alike used the Hatsune Miku vocal synthesiser to provide their very own music. In Japan, that is known as Dōjin Ongaku, i.e. music produced by followers, which even made it into the Japanese charts. The primary Dōjin album with music based mostly on the Hatsune Miku software program was launched in September 2007, and plenty of extra have been to observe within the years that adopted.[18]

The album ‘Supercell’ by the J-pop group of the identical identify was notably profitable. Composer and lyricist Ryo had the songs interpreted utilizing the Hatsune Miku vocal synthesiser. The album reached quantity 4 within the Japanese Oricon charts and remained there for 37 weeks.[19] Since 2007, greater than 100,000 songs have been created utilizing the Hatsune Miku software program, in response to the digital artist’s homepage.[20]

Nonetheless, Hatsune Miku appeared not solely in music but in addition in different media. She was the protagonist of the manga collection “Maker Hikōshiki Hatsune Combine”, created by Kei Garō and printed in “Comedian Rush” journal from November 2007 to December 2010.[21] Hatsune Miku additionally appeared as a personality within the golf simulation recreation PangYa in Could 2008,[22] and the digital star was even the primary character within the rhythm recreation “Hatsune Miku: Venture Diva” from Sega, which was accessible for PlayStation from July 2009.[23]

Hatsune Miku shortly turned an enormous advertising phenomenon, which Crypton Future Media efficiently exploited in licensing agreements for merchandising and branding actions. Hatsune Miku even made it onto two BMW GT300 class racing vehicles belonging to the Studio AG racing workforce, which competed on racetracks world wide in 2008 and 2009.[24] In March 2012, the Japanese enterprise portal SankeiBiz cited a examine by the Nomura Analysis Institute, in response to which gross sales of services branded with Hatsune Miku had totalled YEN 10 billion (round EUR 125 million) since 2007.[25]

Hatsune Miku Involves Life

Nonetheless, Hatsune Miku solely really got here to life as an avatar who additionally carried out reside in concert events. She made her debut on 22 August 2009 on the anime music pageant “Animelo Summer time Dwell 2009 Re:bridge” within the Saitama Tremendous Area in entrance of 25,000 anime followers. Anime Information Community offered a live performance overview the next day, describing the memorable efficiency: “The live performance used a display put in behind the stage to undertaking Hatsune a number of tales tall earlier than a standing-room-only crowd of 25,000. After a greeting, the computer-generated Hatsune proceeded to sing (and dance) on two songs — ‘Miku Miku ni Shite Ageru (Shiteyan yo)’ and ‘Black Rock Shooter.’”[26] Just a few months later, in November 2009, Hatsune Miku made her first look exterior Japan on the “Anime Pageant Asia” in Singapore.

Inspired by the overwhelming public response, Crypton organised the digital star’s first solo live performance in 2010. For this objective, a 3D animation of Hatsune Miku was developed and projected onto clear, human-sized screens. Following intensive preparation and rehearsals, the live performance befell on 9 March 2010 on the Zepp live performance corridor on the man-made island of Odaiba in Tokyo Bay. The live performance started in a mystical ambiance with the solo voice of Hatsune Miku coming from offstage in entrance of a sea of tens of 1000’s of glow sticks, which the followers, shrouded in darkness, waved euphorically to the beautiful melody. The scene was illuminated by an outsized disco ball that shone just like the moon within the sky, earlier than techno rhythms introduced the reside band into view and Hatsune Miku rose like a life-size ghost from the stage ground to introduce the brand new music. In complete, the digital famous person carried out 39 songs, altering outfits and performing with the opposite Vocaloid characters Rin, Len and Luka.[27] The live performance was titled “Miku no Hello Kanshasai 39’s Giving Day”, with the quantity 39 standing for “Thanks” in Japanese, expressing gratitude to the followers for his or her help, which made the phenomenon of Hatsune Miku doable within the first place.[28]

To advertise the music exterior Japan, the live performance was carried out once more on 2 July 2011 on the Nokia Theatre in Los Angeles as a part of “Anime Expo 2011”, within the “39’s Giving Day” format.[29] In 2012, Crypton teamed up with French luxurious model Louis Vuitton and produced the Vocaloid opera “The Finish” with Japanese star director Toshiki Okada, through which Hatsune Miku and different Vocaloid characters carried out on the Chatelet Opera Home in Paris from 13 to fifteen November 2012.[30] Nonetheless, Hatsune Miku‘s worldwide breakthrough got here when she was the opening act for Woman Gaga‘s “ArtRave: The Artpop Ball” world tour, as Woman Gaga had declared herself to be a fan of Hatsune Miku. From 6 Could to three June 2014, the Japanese music avatar opened the concert events of the US famous person.[31] And on 8 October 2014, Hatsune Miku even appeared on David Letterman’s Late Present on CBS, performing the music “Sharing the World”.[32]

Crypton Future Media has efficiently established the digital pop star as a global, lasting phenomenon. Since 2013, Hatsune Miku’s “birthday” has been celebrated yearly with tens of 1000’s of followers on the finish of August in Japan below the title “Magical Mirai”.[33] Since 2014, the ‘Miku Expo’ concert events have been held recurrently world wide, bringing Hatsune Miku and her Vocaloid colleagues to different Asian international locations, Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand,[34] thereby increasing their fan base.

It’s astonishing what number of followers worldwide cheer for the digital pop star at concert events, purchase her merchandise and music, and thus improve her promoting worth even additional. An unmanageable quantity of merchandise and branded merchandise profit from the persevering with reputation of Hatsune Miku. The concert events are only one aspect of a whole advertising universe that Crypton Future Media has created across the digital famous person. The concert events are additionally a blueprint for AI-generated music avatars, which have lately begun to take the world’s live performance phases by storm.

Endnotes

[1] Sound on Sound, “Yamaha FS1R – FM Synthesis/Formant-shaping Tone Generator”, December 1998, accessed: 2025-08-20.

[2] Die Welt am Sonntag, “Software program trifft den richtigen Ton”, December 7, 2003, accessed: 2025-08-20.

[3] Zero-G press launch, “HOT NEWS!! Zero-G broadcasts the world’s first VOCALOID digital vocalist merchandise, LEON and LOLA”, January 15, 2004, accessed: 2025-08-20.

[4] IT Media, “The Making of Hatsune Miku”, February 22, 2008, translated from Japanese with DeepL, accessed: 2025-08-21.

[5] Ibid.

[6] Ibid.

[7] Ibid.

[8] Sound on Sound, “PowerFX Vocaloid 2 Candy Ann”, January 2008, accessed: 2025-08-21.

[9] IT Media, “The Making of Hatsune Miku”, February 22, 2008, translated from Japanese with DeepL, accessed: 2025-08-21.

[10] Ibid.

[11] Ibid.

[12] IT Media, “Hatsune Miku Opens the ‘Door to Creativity’”, February 25, 2008, accessed: 2025-08-21.

[13] Ibid.

[14] Crypton Future Media, “Who’s Hatsune Miku?”, n.d., accessed: 2025-08-21.

[15] IT Media, “Hatsune Miku Opens the ‘Door to Creativity’”, February 25, 2008, accessed: 2025-08-21.

[16] Ibid.

[17] Ibid.

[18] The German Wikipedia web page on Hatsune Miku offers a great overview: Wikipedia, “Hatsune Miku”, model of July 28, 2025, accessed: 2025-08-21.

[19] Wikipedia, “Supercell (album)”, model of August 21, 2025, accessed: 2025-08-21.

[20] Crypton Future Media, “Who’s Hatsune Miku?”, n.d., accessed: 2025-08-21.

[21] Anime Information Community, “Darkish Horse Provides New Lone Wolf and Cub, Hatsune Miku: Unofficial Hatsune Combine Manga”, March 29, 2013, accessed: 2025-08-21.

[22] Wikipedia, “PangYa”, model of January 27, 2025, accessed: 2025-08-21.

[23] Wikipedia, “Hatsune Miku: Venture DIVA (online game)”, model of Could 22, 2025, accessed: 2025-08-21.

[24] Tremendous GT Scorching Information, “The Rumored No. 808 Hatsune Miku Studie Glad BMW Z4”, August 18, 2008, accessed: 2025-08-21.

[25] SankeiBiz, “Hatsune Miku, an actual enterprise alternative: reside performances, karaoke, commercials… associated consumption exceeds 10 billion yen”, March 27, 2012, accessed: 2025-08-21.

[26] Anime Information Community, “Hatsune Miku Digital Idol Performs ‘Dwell’ Earlier than 25,000”, 23. August 2009, Zugriff am 22.08.2025.

[27] YouTube, “Miku no Hello Kanshasai 39’s Giving Day”, February 16, 2019, accessed: 2025-08-22.

[28] Anime Information Community, “Hatsune Miku Digital Idol to Maintain 1st Solo Live performance”, December 10, 2009, accessed: 2025-08-22.

[29] Anime Expo, “Japan’s Digital Pop Star Hatsune Miku To Make U.S. Live performance Debut At Anime Expo 2011”, Could 12, 2011, accessed: 2025-08-22.

[30] Japanverse, “Louis Vuitton And Marc Jacobs To Crew Up With Hatsune Miku”, November 22, 2012, accessed: 2025-08-22.

[31] Anime Information Community, “Hatsune Miku to Open For Woman Gaga”, April 16, 2014, accessed: 2025-08-22.

[32] YouTube, “Hatsune Miku Performs “Sharing The World” | Letterman”, Could 12, 2023, accessed: 2025-08-22.

[33] Crypton Future Media, “Hatsune Miku Magical Mirai”, n.d., accessed: 2025-08-22.

[34] Crypton Future Media, “Miku Expo Historical past”, n.d. accessed: 2025-08-22.

AI Generated Artists – Music Enterprise Analysis

AI Generated Artists – Music Enterprise Analysis

by | Dec 28, 2025 | Entertainment Law, Music Business, Podcast News


Synthetic intelligence marks a quantum leap within the creation of digital artists. Now, not solely can music avatars be visually perfected, generative AI will also be used to compose songs and create lyrics. Moreover, instruments exist already that can be utilized to provide sensible music movies. Which means the technological conditions for creating profitable digital music stars have been established. Whether or not these avatars will have the ability to succeed within the music market, and even enter the worldwide live performance market, stays to be seen. Partly 4 of the weblog collection ‘Digital Music Worlds’, we are going to study case research of AI-generated music avatars developed primarily by massive leisure corporations in South Korea and China, to evaluate their financial potential for the music trade.

Digital Music Worlds – Half 4: AI Generated Artists

SM Leisure and aespa

AI-generated artists may also play a task on this. A notable instance is the Okay-pop woman band aespa, fashioned by South Korean firm SM Leisure in 2020. The band consists of actual singers performing beneath the stage names Karina, Giselle, Winter and Ningning, who’ve additionally been given digital alter egos.[1] On the first World Cultural Business Discussion board (WCIF), which needed to be held on-line attributable to COVID-19, SM Leisure Chairman Soo-Man Lee defined the idea behind aespa. The avatars – also referred to as æ avatars – usually are not merely representations of the human musicians, however have impartial identities that work together within the digital world: “There’s a new idea group with a groundbreaking identification that we are able to work with. The members of the ‘actual world’ and the members of the ‘digital world’ have AI brains as totally different creatures, to allow them to speak to one another, give tides, make pals, and every world. We’re planning to point out off a totally new idea of storytelling that we couldn’t meet earlier than, corresponding to going backwards and forwards between the worlds by dividing the data.”[2]

After the 4 artists had been launched on SM Leisure’s social media channels between 27 and 30 October 2020,[3] their first single, “Black Mamba”, and the music video of the identical title had been launched on 17 November 2020.[4] As well as, a brief video was posted by which singer Karina chats together with her avatar, æ-Karina, whereas sitting comfortably on sofas and explains that in addition they trade messages through smartphone.[5]

In October 2021, SM Leisure launched “Savage”, the woman group’s first EP album,[6] which instantly stormed to the highest of the Korean charts and likewise prompted a stir internationally. This success earned aespa a spot on the principle stage on the Coachella Music Pageant in California. There, the 4 singers carried out three songs alongside their avatars, who had been projected onto a display screen. Quite a few YouTube movies posted by followers present this.[7]

In 2023, the time was ripe for a global tour by aespa entitled “SYNK: HYPER LINE”, with performances by the woman group and their avatars in varied nations in Southeast Asia, in addition to in america and Europe.[8] In 2024, the primary full-length studio album, “Armageddon”, was launched with ten songs, reaching quantity 2 on the Korean album charts and likewise showing on the worldwide long-play charts.[9] This was adopted by the second stay tour – “SYNK: Parallel Line” – which took the woman group to Japan, China, Thailand and Australia in 2024 and continued in North America and Europe in 2025.[10] It stays to be seen whether or not aespa’s two-world idea will work. The Okay-pop woman group capabilities like a traditional music act, with human songwriters and composers writing songs and producing albums. Stay performances additionally comply with a standard sample, with the æ avatars projected within the background. Solely the connection to the two.7 million followers (as of July 2025) who collect on the corporate’s personal platform Weverse[11] additionally features a digital part. Nevertheless, followers have additionally criticised the storyline of aespa for not all the time being understandable and tough to convey.[12] SM Leisure will nonetheless need to do a variety of inventive work to implement the unique idea.

Deep Studio Leisure and Superkind

Regardless of all of the uncertainties, the idea of aespa rapidly discovered imitators. In November 2021, South Korean firm Deep Studio Leisure offered the boy band Superkind,[13] which initially consisted of 4 actual members, Eugene, Geon, Daemon and SiO, in addition to one digital member, Saejin. Saejin was modelled on Adamsoft’s first digital performer, Adam, however because of AI know-how, he may very well be made way more sensible.[14] In contrast to to aespa, the avatar was an integral a part of the boy band and appeared equally with the opposite band members within the music and promotional movies, as may be seen within the first music video launched for the one “Watch Out” in June 2022.[15] The 5 band members carried out on a stage in a digital surroundings modelled after the Colosseum in Rome, with solely the keenest of observers capable of inform the distinction between the actual singers and their digital band-mates.

Shortly after the discharge of their debut single in July 2022, one other human member, JDV, grew to become a part of the boy band.[16] In December 2022, they had been joined by the digital singer Seung,[17] bringing the overall variety of Superkind members to seven.

In March 2023, Superkind’s second single, “Moody”, was launched, adopted by the EP “Profiles of the Future (Λ): 70%” in October of the identical 12 months. Nevertheless, album gross sales had been very modest, with 6,336 models bought within the first week, putting Superkind solely at quantity 22 on the South Korean Circle Album Chart.[18] After that, issues went quiet across the hybrid boy band. Then, on the morning of 11 April 2025, a put up appeared on X (previously Twitter) by which Deep Studio introduced the dissolution of the group and the mutual termination of contracts with the 5 human performers. No causes got for this resolution, however the AI firm thanked the artists for his or her cooperation and wished them properly for the long run.[19] Nevertheless, it may be assumed that there have been disagreements between the corporate and the human members of Superkind, by which financial components additionally performed a task. This instance reveals that AI-generated musicians aren’t any assure of success and that the excessive growth prices should first be justified.

Metaverse Leisure and MAVE

Nevertheless, South Korea stays fertile floor for the event of AI-generated artists. On 8 November 2022, Metaverse Leisure, a subsidiary of South Korean recreation developer Netmarble Company, introduced the launch of the digital Okay-pop woman group MAVE for spring 2023.[20] In collaboration with the South Korean media group Kakao Leisure, which supplied monetary backing for the mission and is answerable for music distribution, the primary single, “Pandora”, was launched on 25 January 2023 as a music video on YouTube. Within the video, the 4 lifelike members of the woman group — Siu, Zena, Tyra and Marty — carry out in a futuristic-looking metropolis and sing a few hopeless future by which feelings have been misplaced, and about discovering hope once more in a digital world known as Idypia.[21] With the assistance of an AI voice generator, the digital singers are capable of carry out their songs not solely in Korean, but additionally in English, French and Bahasa, the official language of Indonesia. Nevertheless, the AI voices had been skilled with human performers and the dance efficiency within the video is predicated on movement seize know-how, which was already used for Hatsune Miku.[22] On 30 November 2023, MAVE’s second single, entitled “What’s Your Identify?”, was launched on YouTube.[23] Though the debut single had nearly 32 million views on YouTube and “What’s Your Identify?” was additionally clicked on nearly 12 million instances (as of August 2025), MAVE did not enter the South Korean singles charts.[24] This is also the rationale why no additional songs had been launched by the AI woman group from 2024 onwards.

Supertone: MIDNATT and SYNDI8

It subsequently appears tough to create a purely digital AI act if there is no such thing as a thrilling storyline behind it. It’s subsequently simpler to derive an AI avatar from an current star. That is the case with MIDNATT, the alter ego of South Korean celebrity Lee Hyun, who fashioned the vocal group 8Eight along with Joo Hee and Baek Chan and loved success from 2007 to 2014.[25] 8Eight was signed to Korean music firm Massive Hit Leisure, which later grew to become HYBE Company. MIDNATT was developed by South Korean AI firm Supertone, which was acquired by HYBE in 2022 for US $32 million.[26]

In Could 2023, the primary single ‘Masquerade’ by MIDNATT was launched as a YouTube video.[27] Due to Supertone’s voice cloning know-how, the track is obtainable in six languages (Korean, English, Spanish, Chinese language, Japanese and Vietnamese). MIDNATT is the primary results of Challenge L, by which HYBE subsidiary HYBE IM goals to create extra AI-generated artists.[28]

Nevertheless, the follow-up mission got here from Supertone, which launched the digital woman group SYNDI8, consisting of the avatars Canary, Nest, Goyo and Raven, in July 2024. SYNDI8 “stay” within the digital NANSY Land, whose title is derived from Neural Evaluation & Synthesis. The intention is to provide voices as realistically as potential utilizing an AI mannequin. An attention-grabbing element that emerges from Supertone’s announcement about SYNDI8 is the aim of making mental property for AI-generated voices: “We discover the purposes of know-how within the music content material enterprise and to domesticate personal voice mental property (IP) to exhibit the capabilities of creations.”[29]

In contrast to MIDNATT and MAVE, nevertheless, SYNDI8 are manga-style comedian characters, not modelled after people. The EP “MVP”, launched in July 2024, featured music movies produced in comedian fashion for all three songs: “ATOTA”[30], “My Fantasy”[31] and “True Color”[32]. Reasonably than creating hyper-realistic representations of the singers, Supertone centered on producing voices that had been as sensible as potential with the assistance of AI. Nevertheless, with just a few thousand views between them, the movies show that SYNDI8 is an experiment that also wants additional growth.

Tencent Music and Lucy

Moreover the South Korean leisure corporations, the Chinese language know-how firm Tencent is especially concerned in growing AI-generated digital artists. In November 2022, Tencent Music Leisure, a Tencent subsidiary, introduced that it had produced over 1,000 music items utilizing the Lingyin Engine generative AI device. These have been streamed over 100 million instances in China. This know-how has additionally enabled the voices of the late Chinese language singers Teresa Teng and Anita Mui to be recreated.[33]

Tencent Music went one step additional with the Lucy mission. This can be a hyper-real digital pop star developed by the corporate’s personal Lyra Lab and offered to the general public in December 2022 through X (previously Twitter).[34] A month later, Lucy already had three songs within the Chinese language charts and quite a few singles on the Chinese language streaming platform QQ Music.[35] Nevertheless, if Tencent Music will get its manner, it is not going to cease at Lucy, however shall be joined by different AI-generated music avatars.

The evaluation of current AI-generated music avatars reveals that efficiently positioning them in the marketplace is tough. The more than likely path to success is to derive AI artists from human musicians, as demonstrated by aespa and MIDNATT. In these circumstances, followers have a degree of reference within the flesh-and-blood stars, who’re perceived as extra genuine and thus have larger identification potential. AI artists created from scratch discover it a lot more durable to succeed. In addition to the appreciable growth prices, advertising and marketing, promotion and distribution prices should be coated for them to turn into seen in the marketplace. Up to now, solely Hatsune Miku has succeeded in constructing a big, sustainable fan base that attends her concert events. The stay music enterprise particularly is the essential issue within the sustainable institution of an AI music star. As the instance of ABBA has already proven, an excessive amount of technical effort is required to ship the suitable stay expertise for the viewers. Easy 2D projections usually are not sufficient, and hologram know-how has not likely established itself in the marketplace. So, to construct up an AI-generated music star in a sustainable manner and make them profitable, along with good music, nice music movies and thrilling social media appearances, what is required above all is an immersive stay expertise that may win over the followers. As well as, a

Endnotes

[1] Korea Joong Ang Every day, “SM Leisure to debut new woman group, aespa”, October 26, 2022, accessed: 2025-08-28.

[2] SM Leisure Pressemitteilung, “Soo-Man Lee, chairman of SM Leisure Group, delivered a speech on the 1st World Cultural Business Discussion board as a consultant of the Korean cultural group!”, October 28, 2020, accessed: 2025-08-28.

[3] m.entertain.naver.com, “Yoo Ji-min debuts as Karina, member of SM Leisure’s new woman group ‘aespa’”, translated from Korean utilizing DeepL, October 28, 2020, accessed: 2025-08-28.

[4] YouTube, “aespa ‘Black Mamba’ MV”, November 17, 2020, accessed: 2025-08-28.

[5] YouTube, “aespa ‘MY, KARINA’”, October 28, 2020, accessed: 2025-08-28.

[6] Wikipedia, “Savage (EP)”, model of June 4, 2025, accessed: 2025-08-28.

[7] YouTube, “aespa full efficiency @coachella 2022”, April 24, 2022, accessed: 2025-08-28.

[8] NME, “aespa announce Europe, US legs of 2023 ‘SYNK: Hyper Line’ world tour”, Could 19, 2023, accessed: 2025-08-28.

[9] Wikipedia, “Armageddon (Aespa album)”, model of August 25, 2025, accessed: 2025-08-28.

[10] Wikipedia, “Synk: Parallel Line”, model of August 10, 2025, accessed: 2025-08-28.

[11] Weverse, “aespa”, n.d., accessed: 2025-08-28.

[12] Digiverse, “A brief historical past of digital artists”, October 12, 2022, accessed: 2025-08-28.

[13] Superkind is an anagram of NUKE, PRID and S. NUKE refers back to the digital members of the boy band, PRID to the human members, whereas the S stays a thriller that PRIDs and NUKEs should unravel on their journey; see ibid.

[14] YouTube, “SAEJIN, SUPERKIND, Debut Challenge”, January 22, 2022, accessed: 2025-08-29.

[15] YouTube, “SUPERKIND ‘WATCH OUT’, Official MV”, June 20, 2022, accessed: 2025-08-29.

[16] Korea JoongAng Every day, “Superkind has a member with a distinction — nevertheless it’s nearly undetectable”, July 28, 2022, accessed: 2025-08-29.

[17] KProfiles, “SUPERKIND Members Profile”, n.d., accessed: 2025-08-29.

[18] Circle Chart, “Album Chart 2023, Week 42”, October 21, 2023, accessed: 2025-08-29.

[19] The X-post was shared throughout quite a few on-line media retailers, together with allkpop, “Superkind formally disbands following contract conclusion with DEEPSTUDIO”, April 11, 2025, accessed: 2025-08-29.

[20] The Dailypost, “Netmarble F&C subsidiary Metaverse Leisure launches official web site”, November 8, 2022, accessed: 2025-08-29.

[21] YouTube, “Pandora”, January 25, 2023, accessed: 2025-08-29.

[22] Reuters, “Meet Mave: the AI-powered Okay-pop woman group that look nearly human and converse 4 languages”, March 17, 2023, accessed: 2025-08-29.

[23] YouTube, “MAVE_What’s My Identify”, November 30, 2023, accessed: 2025-08-29.

[24] Wikipedia, “Mave”, model of February 11, 2025, accessed: 2025-08-29.

[25] Wikipedia, “8Eight”, model of January 19, 2025, accessed: 2025-08-29.

[26] Music Enterprise Worldwide, “HYBE acquires faux voice AI firm Supertone in $32m deal (report)”, October 4, 2022, accessed: 2025-08-29.

[27] YouTube, “MIDNATT ‘Masquerade’ Official MV (Obtainable in 6 languages ENG/KR/JP/CH/ES/VN)”, Could 15, 2023, accessed: 2025-08-29.

[28] The Korean Herald, “Hybe opens up an period of ‘tech-tainment’ with new artist Midnatt”, Could 15, 2023, accessed: 2025-08-29.

[29] Cited in Music Enterprise Worldwide, “After being acquired by HYBE in a $32m deal final 12 months, voice cloning startup Supertone launches AI-powered digital pop group, SYNDI8”, July 2, 2024, accessed: 2025-08-29.

[30] YouTube, “SYNDI8 ‘ATOTA’ Official Visualizer”, July 10, 2024, accessed: 2025-08-29.

[31] YouTube, “SYNDI8 ‘My Fantasy’ Official Visualizer”, July 10, 2024, accessed: 2025-08-29.

[32] YouTube, “SYNDI8 ‘True Colour’ Official Visualizer”, July 10, 2024, accessed: 2025-08-29.

[33] Music Enterprise Worldwide, “Over 1,000 songs with human-mimicking AI vocals have been launched by Tencent Music in China. Certainly one of them has 100m streams”, November 15, 2022, accessed: 2025-09-01.

[34] X-Publish, “In the present day, TME introduced the debut of Lucy, who’s the primary super-realistic digital idol of the corporate”, December 12, 2022, accessed: 2025-09-01.

[35] Music Enterprise Worldwide, “Meet the digital artists backed by a number of the world’s largest leisure corporations”, Could 22, 2023, accessed: 2025-09-01.

The Music Majors within the Digital Music Worlds – Music Enterprise Analysis

The Music Majors within the Digital Music Worlds – Music Enterprise Analysis

by | Dec 7, 2025 | Entertainment Law, Music Business, Podcast News


What position do main music labels play in creating digital music avatars? Are Common, Sony and Warner spearheading innovation by creating their very own AI musicians, or are they merely responding to present traits and technological developments? These questions will probably be answered partially 5 of the “Digital Music Worlds” sequence.

Digital Music Worlds – Half 5: The Music Majors within the Digital Music Worlds

Warner Music Group: Whet Information, Genuine Artists, Noonoouri

The main music labels, Common, Sony and Warner, haven’t been pioneers within the area of digital and, particularly, AI-generated artists. In July 2021, Warner Music Group’s Chinese language sub-label, Whet Information, signed the digital artist Ha Jiang. At that time, the avatar was already an influential influencer who was additionally positioned as a rap musician.[1] The Whet/Warner deal aimed to determine the digital artist as a music star, however this evidently failed. 4 years later, Ha Jiang has nearly disappeared from the web. Whet Information’ YouTube channel has solely 26 movies and three,420 subscribers, and has not been up to date for 3 years. The one content material that includes Ha Jiang is a “Drunk Groove” remix by the blue-haired digital singer, which has had a modest 109,637 views in 4 years.[2]

Additional monetary involvement within the digital music world additionally seems to be unsustainable for Warner. In June 2022, Warner Music Group led an funding consortium that offered thousands and thousands of US {dollars} in funding to “Genuine Artists”, an AI firm based by Chris McGarry in San Francisco in 2019.[3] The consequence was the event of twelve prototypes of supernatural digital artist avatars, starting from cyborgs to iguana DJs, which had been featured on the in-house label “WharpSound”.[4] Nonetheless, the provide, which was apparently aimed primarily on the gaming group, didn’t appear to have met with the required response. Chris McGarry’s final interview for the New Yorker dates from February 2023 and asks whether or not AI steals from artists.[5] After that, issues went quiet round “Genuine Artists” and its founder. The homepage “authentic-artists.ai” is simply as unavailable because the “WharpSound” label’s webpage. Warner will in all probability have already written off its funding in “Genuine Artists”.

In September 2023, Warner Music Germany signed a brand new music avatar. Style influencer Noonoouri, who has modelled for manufacturers equivalent to Dior, Lacoste, Balenciaga, Valentino and Versace, and whose followers embody Kim Kardashian, Naomi Campbell and Lewis Hamilton,[6] recorded the tune “Dominoes” with German DJ Alle Farben for Warner. Whereas Noonoouri’s voice is AI-generated, similar to her digital look, the lyrics of the tune had been contributed by a collective of songwriters.[7]

Behind Noonoouri is Joerg Zuber, who has been working the artistic company Joerg Zuber Studio in Munich for greater than 20 years. Zuber had the thought of making a digital influencer and launching her available on the market. Zuber’s idea was initially met with rejection, so he determined to take a danger and launched the computer-generated avatar in February 2018 with none monetary backing. However when celebrities equivalent to Naomi Campbell and Marc Jacobs grew to become followers and well-known trend manufacturers found Noonoouri, the success was unstoppable.[8] Noonoouri now has round 500,000 followers on Instagram,[9] and the music video for “Dominoes” has been considered round 300,000 occasions (as of September 2025).[10] Following the success of the debut album, Warner 2024 teamed up with Enisa Nikaj, a New Yorker of Albanian descent who’s signed to the Atlantic sub-label, on the tune challenge “Up All Nite” with Noonoouri. Nonetheless, “Up All Nite” was unable to match the success of the debut single. With just below 394,000 performs on Spotify[11] and round 180,000 views on YouTube,[12] it lags far behind “Dominoes”. However, one other try was made in Could 2025 to determine Noonoouri as a pop star with the discharge of the third single, ‘Launch Me’. For this single, the avatar collaborated with twin brothers Harvey Kitt and Max Luca Mills, who got here second as duo Max and Harvey within the TV expertise present “The X Issue: Celeb”.[13] Nonetheless, success has been modest up to now. The YouTube video has had round 273,500 views within the first 4 months[14] and ‘Launch Me’ has been performed simply over 292,500 occasions on Spotify.[15] Which means Noonoouri continues to be a great distance from reaching the heights of human pop stars and subsequently stays primarily a profitable trend influencer.

Common Music Group: Kingship, FN Mekka, Genies Inc.

Common Music Group additionally entered the digital pop star enterprise in 2021. 5 months after Warner Music Group, Common’s sub-label “10:22PM” introduced the formation of the digital band Kingship.[16] The “band members” had been 4 characters from the profitable NFT challenge “Bored Ape Yacht Membership”, which continued with the “Mutant Ape Yacht Membership” and one other 20,000 ape NFTs in any case 10,000 NFTs of the long-lasting apes had been offered. Common, or “10:22PM”, hoped to capitalise on the recognition of the NFT apes and licensed the NFT characters to type a band.[17] In Could 2022, Common offered 5,000 NFT key playing cards, permitting consumers to entry the band’s digital world and different tokenised merchandise and experiences, because the cult monkeys had been set to make their debut within the metaverse. Initially priced at 0.19 Ether (roughly US $286), the NFTs had been traded on the Ethereum blockchain. By the tip of July 2022, all NFT playing cards had been offered, producing US $1.43 million in income for Common.[18]

What reads like the start of successful story led to catastrophe. On the finish of December 2024, Common deactivated all the monkey band’s social media accounts and deleted all of their YouTube and Discord channels.[19] What had occurred? Again in November 2023, the creator of Kingship, Celine Joshua, had left the “10:22PM” label for BMG Rights Administration.[20] By this level, the NFT increase had was a speculative bubble, with 95 per cent of NFT collections proving to be nugatory. Greater than 23 million NFT traders had misplaced their cash.[21] Common was pressured to take motion to keep away from being dragged right into a maelstrom of lawsuits alleging investor fraud. The value of NFTs from the “Bored Ape Yacht Membership” had plummeted, prompting traders to sue Yuga Labs, the producer of the NFT apes, in addition to celebrities equivalent to Justin Bieber, Madonna, Snoop Dogg, Publish Malone and Serena Williams, and corporations equivalent to Adidas and the public sale home Sotheby’s. The plaintiffs accused the defendants of artificially inflating the worth of NFTs via their promoting of the ‘Bored Ape Yacht Membership’ to use small traders.[22] Common was not concerned within the lawsuit, however the challenge with the digital monkey avatars, which had began so promisingly, failed miserably on account of a misjudgement of the NFT market.

An excellent greater catastrophe was Common’s US subsidiary Capitol Information’ signing of “robotic rapper” FN Mekka in August 2021. Referring to the controversial avatar’s ten million TikTok followers, Capitol Information and FN Mekka’s developer, Manufacturing facility New, struck a deal to supply the only “Florida Water”. The tune, which was produced by a group led by Travis Scott, was created in collaboration with US rapper Guna {and professional} Fortnite gamer Clix.[23] This provoked a storm of indignation, particularly among the many Black group in america. The civil rights group Trade Blackout strongly criticised Capitol’s collaboration with Manufacturing facility New: “[W]e discover fault within the lack of information in how offensive this caricature [Anm. FN Mekka] is. It’s a direct insult to the Black group and our tradition. An amalgamation of gross stereotypes, appropriative mannerisms that derive from Black artists, full with slurs infused in lyrics.”[24] After solely two weeks of collaboration, Capitol Information was pressured to cancel the FN Mekka deal on account of huge public protests and apologise to the Black group: “We provide our deepest apologies to the Black group for our insensitivity in signing this challenge with out asking sufficient questions on fairness and the artistic course of behind it.”[25] Shortly after this press launch, the tune “Florida Water” was faraway from all streaming platforms.

In 2021, Common not solely tried to capitalise on the NFT and TikTok increase but in addition wished to determine a presence in Net 3.0 and, above all, in Mark Zuckerberg’s metaverse. To this finish, Common entered a partnership with Los Angeles-based tech firm Genies Inc.,[26] which describes itself as a pacesetter within the creation of avatars for the metaverse.[27] Months earlier, Warner Music Group had already introduced its collaboration with Genies.[28]

Genies Inc. was based in 2017 by Akash Nigam and Evan Rosenbaum, who had beforehand met as faculty college students on the College of Michigan and launched the photo-sharing app Mix. As Mix’s success was modest, Nigam and Rosenbaum turned their consideration to creating personalised avatars utilizing AI.[29] This concept was very effectively acquired, and the primary traders got here ahead, offering a complete of US$ 40 million in enterprise capital between 2017 and 2019.[30] Armed with recent capital, the Genies founders developed a software program improvement package (SDK) that enabled customers to create their very own avatars on cell gadgets. Nonetheless, Genies’ actual breakthrough got here after they began creating avatars for celebrities, together with many pop stars trying to promote their model in Net 3 purposes and, above all, within the metaverse. The primary big-name stars to have avatars created by Genies had been Justin Bieber and Shawn Mendes. Genies additionally started providing NFTs for star avatar equipment and different branded merchandise on the Dapper Labs blockchain. Seeing this success, Warner and Common now wished to fee avatars for his or her stars as effectively.[31]

This naturally attracted the eye of further traders, and in Could 2021, San Francisco-based enterprise capital agency BOND, along with an funding consortium, invested US $65 million in Genies, and BOND co-founder Mary Meeker joined the corporate’s government board.[32] There, in March 2022, she was joined by Walt Disney Inc. CEO Bob Iger, who additionally invested within the Avatar developer.[33] Only one month later, Genies achieved its greatest monetary coup so far when US personal fairness agency Silver Lake, which additionally held shares in Dell, Alibaba, William Morris Endeavor, Seagate Expertise and the New York tech trade NASDAQ, offered the corporate with US $150 million, pushing its worth to US $1 billion.[34] Regardless of this success story, the enterprise with star avatars within the metaverse has not likely taken off but. As we now have already proven elsewhere, the metaverse is more and more proving to be an enormous misinvestment, and corporations which have guess on this horse are already starting to query their investments. This additionally applies, in fact, to the 2 music majors, which had hoped that star avatars within the metaverse would generate further income, however this has not materialised up to now.

VTuber Initiatives by Sony Music Leisure Japan

Sony Music Leisure has not but entered the AI-generated music avatar enterprise, however Sony Music Leisure Japan (SMEJ), which operates as an impartial firm underneath the Sony Group umbrella, made its first entry into the avatar enterprise in Japan in 2022 with the PRISM challenge. Launched in January 2021, the challenge targets the VTuber group. It is a development originating in Japan, the place YouTubers – also referred to as digital YouTubers – use a computer-generated digital avatar as a substitute of their very own persona to create and stream content material.[35] SMEJ wished to faucet into this potential with the PRISM challenge and introduced an audition in August 2022 for VTubers in Japan who may take part with their avatars.[36] Nonetheless, the massive breakthrough has not materialised. Probably the most profitable artist so far has been Shiki Miyoshino, who had 160,000 subscribers on YouTube and generated round 300,000 views together with her most profitable music movies.[37]

One other music avatar challenge by SMEJ – ‘VEE Digital Leisure’ – has additionally not been profitable up to now. Much like the PRISM challenge, VTubers had been to be developed to succeed in a wider viewers with their music avatars. In Could 2022, the primary three digital VTuber abilities had been introduced to the general public and featured on YouTube, Twitch and Spotify.[38] A yr later, the avatars’ music movies had racked up a couple of tens of 1000’s of views on YouTube and remained under the radar on Spotify and Twitch.[39]

Up to now, the key labels haven’t fared effectively within the music avatar enterprise. Blinded by giant person numbers, they’ve tried to capitalise on present traits with out producing them themselves, as demonstrated by Common’s failures with the NFT apes and TikTok rapper FN Mekka. There’s a clear lack of expertise of how these new applied sciences work and what their potential is. The financial significance of the metaverse and the VTuber development in Japan have each been massively overestimated. In contrast to South Korean and Chinese language leisure corporations, the music majors haven’t invested in their very own music avatar initiatives. As an alternative, as with Warner’s funding in Noonoouri, they’re merely shopping for into them, with modest outcomes. The majors aren’t trendsetters, however fairly know-how followers who danger being left behind if AI-driven success breaks via for music avatars.

Endnotes

[1] Music Enterprise Worldwide, “This digital artist simply inked a serious report deal in China. One-off gimmick – or an indication of the long run?”, July 29, 2021, accessed: 2025-09-02.

[2] YouTube, “Whet Information”, n.d., accessed: 2025-09-02.

[3] Music Enterprise Worldwide, “Warner’s newest web3 transfer is an funding in digital artist and metaverse platform Genuine Artists”, June 23, 2022, accessed: 2025-09-02.

[4] Selection, “Digital-Musician Startup Genuine Artists, Backed by James Murdoch and Mike Shinoda, Comes Out of Stealth”, April 7, 2021, accessed: 2025-09-02.

[5] The New Yorker, “Is A.I. Artwork Stealing from Artists?”, February 10, 2023, accessed: 2025-09-02.

[6] Forbes, “Digital Influencer Noonoouri Lands Document Deal: Is She The Future Of Music?”, September 5, 2023, accessed: 2025-09-03.

[7] Ibid.

[8] At the very least, that’s what Joerg Zuber says in a brief video on YouTube, “Noonoouri: Abgelehnte Idee wird zum Riesen-Erfolg”, February 16, 2025, accessed: 2025-09-03.

[9] Instagram, “Noonoouri”, n.d., accessed: 2025-09-03.

[10] YouTube, “noonoouri & Alle Farben – Dominoes (Official Music Video)”, September 1, 2023, accessed: 2025-09-03.

[11] Spotify, “Noonoouri”, n.d., accessed: 2025-09-03.

[12] YouTube, “noonoouri & ENISA – Up All Nite”, June 28, 2024, accessed: 2025-09-03.

[13] FAZEMag, “noonoouri: von der Modewelt ins Musik-Enterprise mit ‘Launch Me’ (Warner Music)”, Could 9, 2025, accessed: 2025-09-03.

[14] YouTube, “noonoouri & Max and Harvey – Launch Me”, Could 9, 2025, accessed: 2025-09-03.

[15] Spotify, “Noonoouri”, n.d., accessed: 2025-09-03.

[16] Common Music Group press launch, “10:22PM Types Kingship, the First-ever Group Consisting of NFT Characters from Bored Ape Yacht Membership”, November 11, 2021, accessed: 2025-09-04.

[17] Music Enterprise Worldwide, “Meet KINGSHIP, a brand new digital group launched by Common label 10:22PM”, November 12, 2021, accessed: 2025-09-04.

[18] Music Enterprise Worldwide, “Common’s digital band KINGSHIP simply offered out its total assortment of 5,000 NFT ‘Key Playing cards’”, July 21, 2022, accessed: 2025-09-04.

[19] Digital Music Information, “So Lengthy, Kingship — Bored Ape ‘Supergroup’ Deletes Social Handles, YouTube Channel, and Web site As NFT Fallout Continues”, December 27, 2024, accessed: 2025-09-04.

[20] Ibid.

[21] Digital Music Information, “95% of NFT Collections, Held by Over 23 Million Folks, Are Now ‘Nugatory,’ Examine Finds”, September 21, 2023, accessed: 2025-09-04.

[22] Digital Music Information, “Federal Decide Rejects Dismissal Motions in Bored Ape NFT Lawsuit Towards Justin Bieber, Madonna, and Many Others”, August 21, 2024, accessed: 2025-09-04.

[23] Music Enterprise Worldwide, “Capitol Information simply signed a digital artist, FN Meka. He has over 10 million followers on TikTok”, August 12, 2022, accessed: 2025-09-09.

[24] Music Enterprise Worldwide, “Capitol drops ‘robotic rapper’ FN Meka, as challenge is accused of being an ‘insult to the Black group’”, August 24, 2022, accessed: 2025-09-09.

[25] Ibid.

[26] Common Music Group press launch, “Common Music Group and Genies Announce International Patrtnership to Develop Avatars and Digital Wearable NFTs for the Firm’s Iconic Roster of Artists”, December 9, 2021, accessed: 2025-09-09.

[27] Crunchbase, “Genies”, n.d., accessed: 2025-09-09.

[28] Music Enterprise Worldwide, “Warner Music Group companions with tech firm Genies to develop avatars and NFTs for WMG artists”, April 30, 2021, accessed: 2025-09-09.

[29] TechCrunch, “Meet ‘Genies,’ the lifelike customized avatars that reenact information”, December 8, 2017, accessed: 2025-09-09.

[30] Crunchbase, “Genies”, n.d., accessed: 2025-09-09.

[31] Engadget, “Rihanna, Migos and extra are getting official metaverse avatars”, December 13, 2021, accessed: 2025-09-09.

[32] TechCrunch, “Avatar startup Genies scores $65 million in funding spherical led by Mary Meeker’s Bond”, Could 3, 2021, accessed: 2025-09-09.

[33] The Wall Avenue Journal, “After Walt Disney, Robert Iger Heads to the Metaverse”, March 14, 2022, accessed: 2025-09-09.

[34] TechCrunch, “Avatar startup Genies hits $1 billion valuation in newest increase”, April 12, 2022, accessed: 2025-09-09.

[35] Wikipedia, “VTuber”, model of September 3, 2025, accessed: 2025-09-09.

[36] PR Newswire, “Digital Expertise Administration Company PRISM Challenge Publicizes 2022 Auditions”, August 9, 2022, accessed: 2025-09-09.

[37] YouTube, “Shiki Miyoshino”, n.d., accessed: 2025-09-09.

[38] Anime Information Community, “Sony Music Leisure (Japan) Inc. Publicizes VTuber Challenge ‘VEE’, 5 1st Gen Abilities to Debut”, Could 23, 2022, accessed: 2025-09-09.

[39] Music Enterprise Worldwide, “Meet the digital artists backed by a number of the world’s greatest leisure corporations”, Could 22, 2023, accessed: 2025-09-09.



Music Avatars in Video Video games – Music Enterprise Analysis

Music Avatars in Video Video games – Music Enterprise Analysis

by | Nov 16, 2025 | Entertainment Law, Music Business, Podcast News


Video video games have confirmed to be a great setting for musical avatars. Sport builders comparable to Epic Video games and Roblox recognised the potential for human superstars to carry out live shows of their video games. Cooperation between the gaming and music industries might due to this fact be mutually useful. Artists can increase their fan base by performing in entrance of the gaming neighborhood, boosting gross sales of merchandise and branded merchandise. In the meantime, sport builders can improve their person numbers and faucet into new market segments by internet hosting live shows of their video games.

Nonetheless, there are additionally factors of friction between the music and video games industries, as evidenced by the lawsuit filed by Common Publishing and different indie music publishers towards Roblox, which accused the sport developer of copyright infringement. This instance reveals that cooperation can solely succeed if sport builders dance to the tune of the foremost rights holders. In any other case, as the instance of Riot Video games reveals, sport producers should construct their very own music groups and label constructions to create and market their very own music avatars, as highlighted within the sixth and remaining a part of the collection on “Digital Music Worlds”.

Digital Music Worlds – Half 6: Music Avatars in Video Video games

Epic Video games: Celebrity-Avatare in “Fortnite”

The avatars of pop stars, which have already made profitable appearances in video video games, might be a foretaste of this. A milestone in digital live shows in video games happened on 2 February 2019. At 2 p.m. US Jap Time, 10.7 million avid gamers of the ego-shooter sport ‘Fortnite Battle Royale’ eagerly awaited the live performance by US DJ Marshmello, whose avatar carried out for ten minutes within the digital Nice Park.[1] The digital Marshmello clone carried out eight songs from his catalogue and concurrently launched the album “Marshmello Fortnite Prolonged Set” on Apple Music.[2] This efficiency was a win-win state of affairs for each the artist and Fortnite developer Epic Video games. Christopher Comstock, the DJ’s actual identify, who wears a cylindrical helmet with a smiley face paying homage to a marshmallow, was in a position to generate further income from the sale of merchandise along with selling himself. This success was additionally measurable, as a Billboard article reveals. In accordance with the article, Marshmello gained 147,000 new followers on Twitter (now X) shortly after the live performance, elevated the variety of subscribers to his YouTube channel by 1,800 per cent, and the views of his YouTube movies additionally skyrocketed by 500 per cent.[3] For Epic Video games, the ten.7 million digital live performance attendees set a brand new person report and additional elevated its recognition.

The Marshmello live performance thus grew to become the blueprint for additional digital performances by pop stars in video games. A yr later, Epic Video games collaborated with US rapper Travis Scott. Nonetheless, his 23 April 2020 efficiency in “Fortnite Battle Royale” differed considerably from the Marshmello live performance. Whereas Marshmello’s avatar stood on a conventional live performance stage and was cheered on by the digital viewers, avid gamers on the Travis Scott live performance had been drawn into his music video, “The Scotts”. The US rapper’s avatar was animated in 3D and appeared as a hologram on a digital map. It then dove into the depths of the ocean and eventually floated via area — most likely explaining the title of the live performance, “Astronomical”.[4] Travis Scott’s first look within the Fortnite sport was extra profitable than the Marshmello live performance, with 12.3 million reside viewers. After 4 extra reveals within the following days, Epic reported that the live performance had been considered 45.8 million occasions by 27.7 million distinctive customers.[5]

Epic Video games wished to capitalise on the hype and continued the looks of pop star avatars in “Fortnite Battle Royale” with Ariana Grande’s “The Rift” tour from 6 to eight August 2021. Throughout this era, the digital present was carried out 5 occasions and followers had been in a position to buy numerous digital skins of the artist and beauty gadgets on-line.[6] This was adopted by additional appearances of avatars in Fortnite video games by US rapper Eminem in December 2023,[7] heavy metallic band Metallica in June 2024[8] and a joint live performance on the finish of November 2024 by Eminem together with his colleague rappers Snoop Dogg, Ice Spice and Juice Wrld, who died in 2019 and was just about “resurrected” within the sport.[9]

Roblox: Lil Nas X

Epic Video games’ success was quickly copied by different sport builders. Just a few months after Travis Scott’s digital look in Fortnite, Lil Nas X carried out in a Roblox sport over two days in mid-November, with a complete of 4 reveals in entrance of an viewers of thousands and thousands and producing round 33 million views. Roblox additionally earned cash from followers customising their avatars with equipment comparable to cowboy hats forward of the live performance.[10] General, Roblox put in additional effort than Epic Video games, scanning the artist’s face and physique and utilizing movement seize know-how to seize his dance strikes.[11] This resulted in a really life like avatar that carried out 4 songs in numerous digital environments.[12]

For Sony Music Leisure, the efficiency by its artist was a full success, and Warner, which had acquired a minority stake in Roblox,[13] was additionally happy with the occasion. Common Music Group was the one music main to look dissatisfied, submitting a lawsuit towards Roblox for copyright infringement in June 2021. This was later joined by quite a few indie music publishers. The plaintiffs argued that Roblox was incomes tons of of thousands and thousands of {dollars} from customers importing unlicensed music to its gaming platforms.[14] The lawsuit searching for US$200 million in damages was filed by the Nationwide Music Publishers Affiliation (NMPA) and dismissed by Roblox as a significant misunderstanding.[15] The “misunderstanding” was apparently resolved in September 2021 when Roblox agreed to a settlement with the music publishers that had filed the lawsuit. BMG Rights Administration had already signed a licensing take care of the sport developer, and Sony had prolonged its strategic partnership.[16] Nonetheless, the lawsuit reveals that cooperation between the video games trade and the music trade have to be carried out in keeping with the principles of the latter. Labels and music publishers admire the PR perform that the appearances of their stars’ avatars in video games carry with them, however any infringement of copyright is straight away punished.

Riot Video games: Pentakill, KD/A, True Injury

To keep away from these points, Los Angeles-based sport developer Riot Video games selected a unique method. The corporate had nice success with the sport League of Legends, resulting in its acquisition by the Chinese language leisure group Tencent in 2011.[17] In 2014, Riot Video games created the digital heavy metallic band Pentakill, whose skins might be bought by avid gamers within the sport. Behind the band members – Karthus, Kayle, Mordekaiser, Olaf, Sona and Yorick – had been actual musicians comparable to drummer Tommy Lee from the heavy metallic band Mötley Crüe.[18] Pentakill’s first single, “Lightbringer”, was an enormous success because of the online game, and the official audio had reached 39 million views as of September 2025. The three albums by Pentakill, whose music was produced by an in-house music staff, additionally reached a large viewers.[19]

Nonetheless, the success of Pentakill was then far overshadowed by the digital Ok-pop woman group Ok/DA, created in 2018. Ok/DA was launched as a part of the opening ceremony of the “League of Legends World Championship” with the tune “Pop/Stars”, throughout which avid gamers might additionally buy skins for the 4 band members – Ahri, Akali, Evelynn and Kai’sa.[20] Behind these 4 fictional characters, nonetheless, had been the human singers Madison Beer, Jairan Burns, Miyeon and Soeyeon, the latter from the Ok-pop woman group (G)-Idle.[21] On the premiere on 3 November 2018, the 4 singers carried out along with their avatars within the reside present because of movement seize know-how.[22] The debut single went viral on each YouTube and music streaming platforms. On the day the music video was launched on YouTube, “Pop/Stars” was considered 5 million occasions, making it the most-watched debut video by a Ok-pop act.[23] Billboard additionally reported that the tune rapidly climbed to primary on the World Digital Tune Gross sales Chart.[24] As of September 2025, the music video has 643 million views on YouTube[25] and has been streamed practically 401 million occasions on Spotify since November 2018.[26] Nonetheless, a take a look at Spotify streams additionally reveals that the songs produced later from the album “All Out”, launched in 2020, have decrease streaming figures than “Pop/Stars”.[27] No new songs by KD/A have been launched since 2020.

This may be resulting from the truth that Riot Video games has turned its consideration to a brand new digital band venture. In November 2019, the hip-hop group True Injury made its first look within the re-creation of “League of Legends World Championship” with the tune “Giants”. Behind the band members Akali, Ekko, Qiayana, Senna and Yasuo, paying homage to Gorillaz, had been human singers. Lead singer Akali was voiced by Soyeon, who had already carried out as a rapper with KD/A. She was supported by Becky G, Duckwrth, Thutmose and Keke Palmer.[28] Nonetheless, True Injury was unable to duplicate the success of KD/A. Though the hip-hop group has recorded 225 million views on YouTube to this point (as of September 2025),[29] Spotify has reported ‘solely’ round 165 million streams since November 2019.[30]

In contrast to different sport builders, Riot Video games can also be trying to place itself as a fully-fledged music label. In an interview with Billboard Journal on the event of KD/A‘s first efficiency in early November 2018, the sport developer’s artistic director, Viranda Tantula, mentioned: “We’ve invested in constructing our inner music staff with each an artist centered artistic studio stuffed with composers, songwriters and producers, in addition to individuals who can carry out all of the companies that you’d see at a regular music label, comparable to distribution, A&R and promo.”[31]

Behind the digital music teams are Patrick Morales and his music staff, who’re joined by creative director Janelle Jimenez within the manufacturing of the music movies.[32] They type the core of the Riot Music Group, which has its personal music video channel on YouTube, though with round 700,000 subscribers and 82 movies, its efficiency is slightly modest.[33] The figures present that Riot Video games’ music initiatives have up to now didn’t make an influence past the gaming neighborhood. In abstract, video games generally is a extremely efficient advertising and marketing device for musicians, as demonstrated by the appearances of stars comparable to Travis Scott in Epic Video games’ “Fortnite” and Lil Nas X on Roblox. In addition to promoting the artists’ avatar skins immediately within the sport, video video games primarily function branding platforms. Nonetheless, it’s far more troublesome to determine new digital, and in the end AI-generated, acts in video games, as demonstrated by Riot Video games. Though they loved some success with Ok/DA, they had been unable to construct on it. Their objective of building themselves as a sustainable music label additionally appears to have solely been partially profitable. However, the gaming and music industries complement one another, and new types of collaboration might emerge with the additional growth o

Endnotes

[1] Rolling Stone, “Why Marshmello’s Fortnite Present Will Show ‘Revolutionary’ for the Music Trade” by Tim Ingham, February 22, 2019, accessed: 2025-09-10.

[2] Wikipedia, “Marshmello Fortnite Prolonged Set”, model of July 13, 2025, accessed: 2025-09-10.

[3] Billboard, “Marshmello’s Fornite Live performance: Breaking Down The Social Influence”, February 6, 2019, accessed: 2025-09-10.

[4] YouTube, “Travis Scott and Fortnite Current: Astronomical (Full Occasion Video)”, April 26, 2020, accessed: 2025-09-10.

[5] Forbes, “A Staggering Quantity Of Folks Noticed Fortnite’s Travis Scott ‘Astronomical’ Occasion”, April 28, 2020, accessed: 2025-09-10.

[6] The Verge, “Ariana Grande’s Fortnite tour was a second years within the making”, August 9, 2021, accessed: 2025-09-10.

[7] The Verge, “Fortnite’s Eminem live performance teased the way forward for the sport”, December 2, 2023, accessed: 2025-09-10.

[8] The Verge, “Fortnite’s Metallica live performance confirmed how sprawling the sport has turn into”, June 29, 2024, accessed: 2025-09-10.

[9] The Verge, “The way to watch Fortnite’s huge Juice WRLD, Snoop Dogg, Eminem, and Ice Spice live performance”, November 30, 2024, accessed: 2025-09-10.

[10] BBC Information, “Lil Nas X performs his first digital live performance on Roblox”, November 16, 2020, accessed: 2025-09-10.

[11] Ibid.

[12] YouTube, “The Lil Nas X Full Roblox Live performance”, December 14, 2020, accessed: 2025-09-11.

[13] Music Enterprise Worldwide, “Warner Music Group joins $520m funding spherical in online game platform Roblox”, January 7, 2021, accessed: 2025-09-11.

[14] Music Enterprise Worldwide, “Roblox sued for $200m+ by music publishers, who allege copyright infringement”, June 9, 2021, accessed: 2025-09-15.

[15] Music Enterprise Worldwide, “Roblox says $200m+ copyright lawsuit is predicated on a ‘basic misunderstanding’. Music publishers disagree”, June 10, 2021, accessed: 2025-09-15.

[16] Music Enterprise Worldwide, “Roblox strikes take care of music publishers”, September 27, 2021, accessed: 2025-09-15.

[17] Reuters, “Tencent acquires majority stake in Riot Video games”, February 5, 2011, accessed: 2025-09-15.

[18] Music Enterprise Worldwide, “Meet the digital artists backed by among the world’s largest leisure firms”, Could 22, 2023, accessed: 2025-09-15.

[19] Wikipedia, “Pentakill”, model of December 18, 2024, accessed: 2025-09-15.

[20] Dot Esports, “Riot places on an augmented actuality Ok-Pop live performance for Worlds in tandem with a brand-new music video”, November 3, 2018, accessed: 2025-09-16.

[21] Digiverse, “A brief historical past of digital artists”, October 12, 2022, accessed: 2025-09-16.

[22] Billboard, “‘League of Legends’ Unveils Digital Ok-Pop Woman Group Ok/DA, Appears to Way forward for Music in Esports”, November 5, 2018, accessed: 2025-09-16.

[23] Fox Sports activities, “League of Legends Ok-POP group Ok/DA’s debut music video hits record-breaking 13 million views on YouTube”, November 6, 2018, accessed: 2025-09-16.

[24] Billboard, “‘League of Legends’ Woman Group Earns Madison Beer, (G)I-DLE & Jaira Burns No. 1 on World Digital Tune Gross sales Chart”, November 13, 2018, accessed: 2025-09-16.

[25] YouTube, “Ok/DA – POP/STARS (ft. Madison Beer, (G)I-DLE, Jaira Burns) | Music Video – League of Legends”, November 3, 2018, accessed: 2025-09-16.

[26] Spotify, “KD/A”, n.d., accessed: 2025-09-16.

[27] Ibid.

[28] Music Enterprise Worldwide, “Meet the digital artists backed by among the world’s largest leisure firms”, Could 22, 2023, accessed: 2025-09-16.

[29] YouTube, “True Injury – Giants (mit Becky G, Keke Palmer, SOYEON von (G)I-DLE, DUCKWRTH, Thutmose)”, November 10, 2019, accessed: 2025-09-16.

[30] Spotify, “True Injury”, n.d., accessed: 2025-09-16.

[31] Billboard, “‘League of Legends’ Unveils Digital Ok-Pop Woman Group Ok/DA, Appears to Way forward for Music in Esports”, November 5, 2018, accessed: 2025-09-16.

[32] INVEN World, “Interview With Patrick Morales, Janelle Jimenez, and Toa Dunn; the Creators of the World Sensation, Ok/DA-POP/STARS”, November 27, 2018, accessed: 2025-09-16.

[33] YouTube, “Riot Video games Music”, n.d., accessed: 2025-09-16.

ABBA Voyage – Music Enterprise Analysis

ABBA Voyage – Music Enterprise Analysis

by | Oct 26, 2025 | Entertainment Law, Music Business, Podcast News


Whereas Hatsune Miku‘s voice was nonetheless generated by a vocal synthesiser, the voices of right now’s music avatars is produced by synthetic intelligence. One significantly profitable mission is “ABBA Voyage”. Utilizing refined know-how, avatars of the 4 ABBA members Agnetha Fältskog, Björn Ulvaeus, Benny Andersson and Anni-Frid Lyngstad had been delivered to life on stage in London, creating a brand new viewers attraction that shall be examined in additional element partially 3 of the collection on “Digital Music Worlds”.

Digital Music Worlds – Half 3: ABBA Voyage

The event and implementation of ABBA Voyage

An early instance of AI generated music avatars is arguably Sweden’s most profitable music export of all time: ABBA. After Agnetha Fältskog, Björn Ulvaeus, Benny Andersson and Anni-Frid Lyngstad made the far-reaching resolution in December 1982 to cease performing collectively, there have been repeated rumours of a reunion. Most just lately, these rumours had been fuelled by the large success of the primary “Mamma Mia!” film in 2008,[1] which was primarily based on the musical of the identical title that premiered in London’s West Finish in 1999.[2] ABBA mastermind Björn Ulvaeus even felt compelled to emphasize in an interview with the Sunday Telegraph: “We’ll by no means seem on stage once more. There may be merely no motivation to re-group. Cash isn’t an element and we want folks to recollect us as we had been – younger, exuberant, filled with power and ambition.”[3] Not even a suggestion of US$1 billion from an American-British monetary consortium for a joint tour, made to the pop group in 2000, may persuade the celebs to face on the live performance stage collectively once more.[4]

Though this perspective wouldn’t change later, there was no point out of a digital reunion on the time. Nevertheless, in an interview with Billboard journal on the finish of October 2016, Simon Fuller, the creator of the TV expertise present “American Idol” and CEO of 19 Leisure, introduced his plan to resurrect ABBA in digital actuality utilizing the most recent applied sciences and synthetic intelligence. He satisfied the 4 ABBA stars to take part and invited them to play an lively position: “We’re exploring a brand new technological world, with digital actuality and synthetic intelligence on the forefront, that can enable us to create new types of leisure and content material we couldn’t have beforehand imagined.”[5]

Step one on this course was to report a brand new album. Subsequently, ABBA reunited in a Stockholm sound studio in spring 2018, the place they recorded two new songs: ‘I Nonetheless Have Religion in You’ and ‘Don’t Shut Me Down’. Nevertheless, in an interview with the BBC, Björn Ulvaeus was quite obscure in regards to the digital ABBA mission. The one data he revealed was that work was underway on creating avatars, or ‘ABBA-tars’, that will tour instead of the human ABBA members.[6]

The mission gained momentum when British music video director Baillie Walsh joined the event workforce. In an in-depth interview for “Esquire”, he recounted how he was invited by the 2 govt producers, Svana Gisla and Ludvig Andersson, Benny Andersson’s son, to proceed growing the digital ABBA mission from 2019 onwards.[7] Initially, the concept was to convey ABBA onto the stage as holograms. Nevertheless, because the know-how was thought-about outdated and unsatisfactory, Walsh sat down with representatives from Industrial Gentle & Magic (ILM), the corporate based by Star Wars creator George Lucas, to discover the technical prospects of AI-generated ABBA avatars performing life-size on stage. The answer was a 10-metre-high LED wall, the place the inside lighting and stage lighting had been coordinated with the assistance of quite a few cameras to create the phantasm of a three-dimensional presence of the projected avatars.[8] Nevertheless, to attain this, the avatars first needed to be created utilizing movement seize know-how much like that used for Hatsune Miku. Within the winter of 2020, the 4 ABBA stars subsequently met at a specialist studio in Stockholm, the place they slipped into fits geared up with small spherical markers at particular factors on the physique. These fits had been used to seize the celebs’ actions from totally different angles utilizing 160 cameras.[9] It took 5 lengthy and intense weeks to report the dance sequences for every tune with ABBA’s 4 members and quite a few youthful physique doubles underneath the course of star choreographer Wayne McGregor utilizing movement seize.[10] The faces of Agnetha, Björn, Benny and Anni-Frid had been additionally captured intimately and rejuvenated utilizing AI. This ensured that the 4 ABBA members regarded convincingly actual on stage.[11]

The consequence was spectacular when, on 26 Could 2022, the premiere passed off on the ABBA Enviornment, which had been erected near Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park in London for 3,000 spectators, with distinguished visitors together with the Swedish royal couple. However it wasn’t simply the viewers who raved in regards to the convincingly practical avatar present,[12] which, with a finances of US$175 million, was the most costly stage manufacturing so far.[13]

Nevertheless, the investments have paid off. By 2022, 675,600 tickets had already been bought for “ABBA Voyage,” producing a income of GBP 97.1 million and a pre-tax revenue of practically GBP 3 million for Aniara Ltd., the corporate accountable for the digital present. In 2023, the variety of tickets bought rose to 1.1 million, leading to a turnover of GBP 103.7 million and a pre-tax revenue of GBP 6.1 million.[14] In December 2024, it was introduced that “ABBA Voyage” had bought 3 million tickets since its premiere and generated a gross worth added of GBP 775 million for the London economic system in its first two years.[15] Subsequently, it’s not shocking that these accountable sought a approach to make sure that “ABBA Voyage” would keep in London past April 2026, when the sector’s allow expires and it is because of make approach for a residential development mission.[16] The live performance corridor resembles a UFO and could be utterly dismantled and rebuilt elsewhere as a result of it was at all times meant for a global tour as a part of the “ABBA Voyage” mission.[17]

ABBA-tare as Position Fashions for Different Music Avatars: Avicii and KISS

Nevertheless, “ABBA Voyage” may quickly be increasing. Pophouse Leisure, the occasion and music rights firm co-founded by Björn Ulvaeus in 2014 and an investor in “ABBA Voyage”, has been shopping for up music catalogues from quite a few artists since 2022. For instance, in March 2022, Pophouse introduced that it had bought the grasp and publishing rights of the Swedish EDM group Swedish Home Mafia.[18] Nevertheless, Pophouse prompted a stir on the finish of September 2022 when it acquired 75 per cent of the grasp and publishing rights of the Swedish DJ Avicii, who died younger, from his heirs, the Bergling household.[19] It appeared probably that Avicii may very well be “resurrected” as a digital musician sooner or later. This assumption was confirmed in April 2024 when Pophouse acquired not solely the tune catalogue and related artist royalties of the glam rock band KISS, but additionally their NIL rights (title, picture, likeness), together with the rights to their distinctive face paint, for US $300 million. Per Sundin, now CEO of Pophouse and former head of Common Sweden, defined: “Our partnership will fuse the wealthy historical past and iconic standing of KISS with cutting-edge know-how, permitting followers – now and sooner or later – to expertise the band like by no means earlier than.”[20] This additionally contains the creation of avatars of the musicians modelled on the ABBA-tare, which may then go on tour as a digital band, as evidenced by an settlement that KISS concluded 4 months earlier than the rights take care of Pophouse.[21] KISS already has expertise with performances by their avatars. On the finish of their live performance at Madison Sq. Backyard in New York Metropolis, the enduring American band had their avatars carry out “God Gave Rock And Roll To You” as an encore, as evidenced by a promotional clip on YouTube.[22] We’re subsequently at first of a improvement whereby dwelling and deceased artists will take to the live performance stage within the type of AI-generated avatars. This may have vital financial implications. Avatars of superstars may carry out elsewhere on the similar time, relieving their human position fashions of the necessity to go on tour. This may additional focus the reside music market, which is already dominated by the famous person impact, making it tougher for youthful musicians to construct a profession. Moreover, music rights, significantly persona rights (NIL rights), will proceed to extend in worth as they’re

Endnotes

[1] Wikipedia, “Mamma Mia! (movie)”, model of August 22, 2025, accessed: 2025-08-22.

[2] Wikipedia, “Mamma Mia! (musical)”, model of August 24, 2025, accessed: 2025-08-22.

[3] Cited in The Guardian, “Abba reunion: Don’t maintain your breath”, July 7, 2008, accessed: 2025-08-26.

[4] Enterprise Insider, “Why ABBA Turned Down $1 Billion To Reunite In 2000”, July 9, 2014, accessed: 2025-08-26.

[5] Billboard, “‘Digital’ ABBA Coming Quickly By way of Partnership with Simon Fuller and Common Music”, October 26, 2016, accessed: 2025-08-26.

[6] BBC Information, “Abba announce first new music since 1982”, April 27, 2018, accessed: 2025-08-27.

[7] Esquire, “Tremendous Trouper”, July 21, 2022, accessed: 2025-08-27.

[8] An in depth description of the technical implementation of the digital ABBA mission could be discovered within the journal Ingenia, “How ABBA Voyage was made”, September 2022, accessed: 2025-08-27.

[9] Ibid.

[10] NME, “ABBA Voyage’s creators inform us how they made the present, and what’s subsequent”, Could 28, 2022, accessed: 2025-08-27.

[11] Ingenia, “How ABBA Voyage was made”, September 2022, accessed: 2025-08-27.

[12] The Guardian, “Abba Voyage assessment: jaw-dropping avatar act that’s destined to be copied”, Could 26, 2022, accessed: 2025-08-27.

[13] Musically, “Bloomberg breaks down numbers behind ABBA Voyage’s success”, September 5, 2023, accessed: 2025-08-27.

[14] Music Enterprise Worldwide, “ABBA Voyage generated $129m in 2023, as digital live performance collection attracts 1.1m guests”, October 1, 2024, accessed: 2025-08-27.

[15] ITV Information, “Abba Voyage to promote its 3,000,000th ticket this month after London present introduced £1.4bn economic system enhance”, December 9, 2024, accessed: 2025-08-27.

[16] Metro, “May Abba Voyage be leaving London for good?”, April 2, 2024, accessed: 2025-08-27.

[17] Ingenia, “How ABBA Voyage was made”, September 2022, accessed: 2025-08-27.

[18] Music Enterprise Worldwide, “Swedish Home Mafia promote grasp recordings and publishing catalogs to Pophouse”, March 29, 2022, accessed: 2025-08-27.

[19] Music Enterprise Worldwide, “Pophouse Leisure buys 75% of Avicii grasp recordings and publishing”, September 28, 2022, accessed: 2025-08-27.

[20] Music Enterprise Worldwide, “KISS sells tune catalog, title and IP to Pophouse, firm behind ABBA Voyage, in $300m deal”, April 4, 2024, accessed: 2025-08-27.

[21] Music Enterprise Worldwide, “KISS to stage avatar present in partnership with Pophouse Leisure, following the success of ABBA Voyage in London”, December 4, 2023, accessed: 2025-08-27.

[22] YouTube, “KISS – A New Period Begins”, December 3, 2023, accessed: 2025-08-27.